Aviation Maintenance Terms beginning with M
M&D (Malfunction and Defect) report
A small postcard- like form (FAA Form 8330) used by repair stations, maintenance shops, and technicians to report an unacceptable condition to the FAA. Information on these forms provides the basis for the General Airworthiness Alerts and subsequent Airworthiness Directives.
Mach number
The ratio of the speed of an object through the air to the speed of sound under the same atmospheric conditions. An object traveling at the speed of sound is traveling at Mach one (M1.0).
Magnesyn system
The registered trade name of a remote indicating instrument system. A Magnesyn system uses a permanent magnet as its rotor and a toroidal coil excited by 400-hertz AC as its stator. A small magnet in the center of the indicator coil follows the movement of a larger magnet in the transmitter coil.
Magnetic field
The invisible, but measurable, force surrounding a permanent magnet or current-carrying conductor. This field is produced when the orbital axes of the electrons of the atoms in the material are all in alignment.
Magnetic flux
Lines of magnetic force that are assumed to leave a magnet at its north end and return to its south end. Lines of flux tend to be as short as possible and cannot cross each other.
Magnetic particle inspection
A method of non-destructive inspection for ferrous metal components. The part being inspected is magnetized and then flooded with a solution of iron oxide suspended in a light oil, much like kerosene. Any flaw, either on the surface or just below the surface, forms a north and south pole, and the iron oxide attracted to these poles helps locate the flaw. The iron oxide is normally treated with a fluorescent dye, and the inspection is conducted in a darkened booth. When an ultraviolet light (black light) is shone on the part, the treated iron oxide shows up as a brilliant line.
Major alteration
An alteration not listed in the aircraft, aircraft engine, or propeller specifications that might appreciably affect weight, balance, structural strength, powerplant operation, flight characteristics, or other qualities affecting airworthiness; an alteration not done according to accepted practices, or one that cannot be done by elementary operations.
Major overhaul
The disassembly, cleaning, and inspection of an engine and the repair and replacement of all parts that do not meet the manufacturer’s specification.
Major repair
A repair to a component that if improperly done might appreciably affect weight, balance, structural strength, performance, powerplant operation, flight characteristics, or other qualities affecting airworthiness; a repair not done according to accepted practices, or one that cannot be done by elementary operations.
Mandrel
A precision steel bar on which a propeller is mounted for balancing. The mandrel is placed across two perfectly level knife-edge plates, and the propeller is allowed to rotate until it stops with its heavy point at the bottom.
Manifold pressure
The absolute pressure of the air inside the induction system of a reciprocating engine.
Manifold valve
See flow divider (reciprocating engine).
Mass
A measure of the amount of matter in an object. For the purpose of measuring the mass of air flowing through a turbine engine, the weight of the air, in pounds per second, is divided by the acceleration due to gravity (32.3 feet per second).
Matrix (advanced composites)
The material that bonds the fibers together in an advanced composite structure. The matrix carries the stresses into the fibers.
Matter
Something that has mass, takes up space, and exists as a solid, liquid, or gas.
Medium-bypass ratio engine
A turbofan engine whose bypass ratio is between 2:1 and 4:1.
Methanol
Alcohol made from wood.
Microinches rms
A measure used for cylinder wall surface roughness. Twenty microinches rms means that the highest and lowest deviation from the average surface is 20 millionths of an inch.
Micron
A measurement used to identify the size of particles trapped by filters. One micron is a micro meter, or one millionth of a meter. It is 0.000039 inch.
Microprocessor
A single silicon chip that contains the arithmetic and logic functions of a computer.
Milliammeter
An instrument that measures electrical current in units of thousandths of an ampere.
Millibar
A unit of pressure in the metric system. One bar is a pressure of 14.5 psi, or 29.52 in. Hg. One millibar is one thousandth of a bar, or 0.01469 psi, or 0.02952 in. Hg.
Minor alteration
Any alteration that does not fit the definition of a major repair. See major repair.
Module (modular engine construction)
The method of construction for mast modern gas turbine engine. The engine is made of several modules, or units, that can be removed and replaced or serviced independent of the rest of the engine.
Momentum
A force caused by the inertia of a moving body as it tries to keep the object moving in the same direction, at the same speed.
Motor
(verb) The act of rotating a turbine engine using the starter, with the ignition system deactivated. An engine is motored to force air through it to purge fuel fumes.
Multiple-can combustor
A combustor used in a gas turbine engine that consists of a series of individual burner cans, each made of an inner liner and an outer case. The individual cans are arranged around the periphery of a centrifugal compressor. Hot gases flow directly from the cans into the turbine.
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