Aeronautical Terms beginning with O
Obstacle Clearance Surface (OCS)
An inclined or level surface associated with a defined area for obstruction evaluation.
Obstacle departure procedures (ODP)
A preplanned instrument flight rule (IFR) departure procedure printed for pilot use in textual or graphic form to provide obstruction clearance via the least onerous route from the terminal area to the appropriate en route structure. ODPs are recommended for obstruction clearance and may be flown without ATC clearance unless an alternate departure procedure (SID or radar vector) has been specifically assigned by ATC.
Obstacle Identification Surface (OIS)
The design of a departure procedure is based on TERPS, a living document that is updated frequently. Departure design criteria assumes an initial climb of 200 feet per NM after crossing the departure end of the runway (DER) at a height of at least 35 feet above the ground. Assuming a 200 feet per NM climb, the departure is structured to provide at least 48 feet per NM of clearance above objects that do not penetrate the obstacle slope. The slope, known as the obstacle identification slope (OIS), is based on a 40 to 1 ratio, which is the equivalent of a 152-foot per NM slope.
OCS
Obstacle Clearance Surface
ODALS
Omnidirectional Approach Lighting System Consists of seven omnidirectional flashing lights located in the approach area of a nonprecision runway. Five lights are located on the runway centerline extended with the first light located 300 feet from the threshold and extending at equal intervals up to 1,500 feet from the threshold. The other two lights are located, one on each side of the runway threshold, at a lateral distance of 40 feet from the runway edge, or 75 feet from the runway edge when installed on a runway equipped with a VASI.
ODP
Obstacle Departure Procedures.
Off Course
A term used to describe a situation where an aircraft has reported a position fix or is observed on radar at a point not on the ATC-approved route of flight.
Off-Airway Routes
The FAA prescribes altitudes governing the operation of aircraft under IFR for off airway routes in a similar manner to those on federal airways, jet routes, area navigation low or high altitude routes, and other direct routes for which an MEA is designated.
Off-Route Obstruction Clearance Altitude (OROCA)
An off-route altitude that provides obstruction clearance with a 1,000 foot buffer in non-mountainous terrain areas and a 2,000 foot buffer in designated mountainous areas within the U.S. This altitude may not provide signal coverage from ground based navigational aids, air traffic control radar, or communications coverage.
Off-Route Vector
A vector by ATC which takes an aircraft off a previously assigned route. Altitudes assigned by ATC during such vectors provide required obstacle clearance.
OM
Outer Marker.
Omission error
The failure to anticipate significant instrument indications following attitude changes; for example, concentrating on pitch control while forgetting about heading or roll information, resulting in erratic control of heading and bank.
Optical illusion
A misleading visual image. For the purpose of this handbook, the term refers to the brains misinterpretation of features on the ground associated with landing, which causes a pilot to misread the spatial relationships between the aircraft and the runway.
Orientation
Awareness of the position of the aircraft and of oneself in relation to a specific reference point.
OROCA
An off-route altitude which provides obstruction clearance with a 1,000 foot buffer in nonmountainous terrain areas and a 2,000 foot buffer in designated mountainous areas within the United States. This altitude may not provide signal coverage from ground-based navigational aids, air traffic control radar, or communications coverage.
Otolith organ
An inner ear organ that detects linear acceleration and gravity orientation.
Outer Compass Locator (LOM)
A compass locator installed at the site of the outer marker of an instrument landing system.
Outer Fix
A general term used within ATC to describe fixes in the terminal area, other than the final approach fix. Aircraft are normally cleared to these fixes by an Air Route Traffic Control Center or an Approach Control Facility. Aircraft are normally cleared from these fixes to the final approach fix or final approach course.
Overcontrolling
Using more movement in the control column than is necessary to achieve the desired pitch-and bank condition.
Overpower
To use more power than required for the purpose of achieving a faster rate of airspeed change.
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